Leaf
Rachel G., Tela Botanica · CC BY-SA 2.0

Black nightshade

Solanum nigrum L.
Family: Solanaceae
20 to 70 cm
Gardens, crops, rubble, wasteland
Flowering: June – October
Full sun
Part shade
Not very hardy, to -3°C only

❓ How do you recognise this plant?

Star-shaped white flowers with a cone of yellow stamens — the same flower structure as the tomato, a cousin. The small black berries of black nightshade look like unripe cherry tomatoes, but the whole plant is toxic — unlike the tomato or the potato, its cultivated cousins. A simple check: if the "mini tomatoes" are the size of a small pea, grow in small loose clusters and stay black even when ripe, it is not a tomato.
🍃 Leaves
Ovate, slightly wavy margin, alternate
🌸 Flowers
Small, white, five star-shaped petals, yellow stamens grouped in a cone
🍎 Fruits
Small glossy black berries in clusters, toxic when unripe
🪵 Bark
Branched herbaceous stem, green to purplish
🗺️ Distribution
Cosmopolitan, probably native to Eurasia; very common in France in gardens and crops
🐝 Value for pollinators
Small white flowers visited by bees by vibration (buzz pollination), like the tomato
✂️ Horticultural uses
Regarded as a garden weed, with no ornamental use

⚠️ Possible toxicity

Plant and green berries toxic (solanine), notably before ripening; ripe black berries traditionally eaten but with caution

⚠️ Look-alike species

Black nightshade
Black nightshade
Solanum nigrum
Potato
Potato
Solanum tuberosum

The small black berries of black nightshade look like unripe cherry tomatoes, but the whole plant is toxic — unlike the tomato or the potato, its cultivated cousins. A simple check: if the "mini tomatoes" are the size of a small pea, grow in small loose clusters and stay black even when ripe, it is not a tomato.

Black nightshade
Black nightshade
Solanum nigrum
Jasmine nightshade
Jasmine nightshade
Solanum laxum

The small white star-shaped flowers with a heart of yellow stamens and the clusters of black berries look alike on this ornamental climber and on black nightshade, a wild weed. The habit is clearly different: jasmine nightshade climbs up a support for several metres, whereas black nightshade stays a small upright non-climbing plant. Both bear toxic berries: if in the slightest doubt, do not eat.

Black nightshade
Black nightshade
Solanum nigrum
Tomato
Tomato
Solanum lycopersicum

The small black berries of black nightshade look like unripe cherry tomatoes, but the whole plant is toxic — unlike the tomato or the potato, its cultivated cousins. A simple check to combine with others: if the "mini tomatoes" are the size of a small pea, grow in small loose clusters and stay black even when ripe, it is not a tomato; if in the slightest doubt, do not eat.

ℹ️ Educational profile — do not use it to judge whether a plant is edible or safe.

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