Purple crab apple or European crab apple: how to tell them apart?

Purple crab apple and European crab apple look alike and are often mixed up. Here is how to tell them apart, feature by feature, with their photos and the details to look for.

⚡ The quick answer
Purple crab apple
Purple crab apple
Malus x purpurea
European crab apple
European crab apple
Malus sylvestris

The purple crab apple keeps purple foliage at bud break but turns bronzy green during the season, which can make it look similar to the European crab apple. They can be told apart by flower colour (bright purplish-pink in the purple crab apple, versus pale pinkish-white in the European crab apple) and by the small fruits, which are decorative and persist all winter in the purple crab apple, whereas those of the European crab apple fall and are bitter/sour rather than simply decorative.

🍃 Leaves
Deciduous, ovate, dark purple at bud break, turning bronzy green
Ovate, finely toothed, slightly downy underneath
🌸 Flowers
Bright purplish-pink, in dense clusters, very free-flowering
Pinkish-white, five petals, clusters of 3 to 6 flowers
🍎 Fruits
Small decorative red-purple apple, persisting on the tree for part of the winter
Small green to yellow apples, sour and hard
🪵 Bark
Greyish-brown, cracking with age
Greyish-brown, cracking into small square plates
📏 Size
4 to 8 m tall
5 to 10 m tall
🗺️ Habitat
Planted as a specimen or in avenues, ordinary free-draining soils
Hedgerows, woodland edges, open woods
⚠️ Toxicity
Small fruits edible but very sour, seldom eaten fresh; no notable toxicity
Pips contain small amounts of cyanogenic glycosides, as in many Rosaceae; fruit flesh harmless
🔎 And from the European crab apple side
The purple crab apple keeps purple foliage at bud break but turns bronzy green during the season, which can make it look similar to the European crab apple. They can be told apart by flower colour (pale pinkish-white in the European crab apple, versus bright purplish-pink in the purple crab apple) and by the small fruits: bitter/sour and falling in the European crab apple, decorative and persisting all winter in the purple crab apple.
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Want to practise spotting these details on real photos? Floraneo offers profiles and quizzes for dozens of look-alike species.

ℹ️ Educational profile — do not use it to judge whether a plant is edible or safe.